Mean State

Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 37.4
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 51.2 51.2 37.4 13.8 14.9 0.805 0.238 0.567 0.890 0.744 0.601
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 54.0 53.9 37.4 16.5 17.7 1.02 0.189 0.523 0.857 0.796 0.578
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 54.0 54.0 37.4 16.5 17.7 1.02 0.189 0.523 0.858 0.796 0.578
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 41.7
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 62.6 62.1 41.7 20.3 20.8 0.0605 0.136 0.635 0.996 0.602 0.597
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 67.0 66.5 41.7 24.8 25.1 0.0439 0.0796 0.663 0.997 0.693 0.614
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 66.9 66.5 41.7 24.8 25.1 0.0439 0.0795 0.663 0.997 0.693 0.614
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 46.2
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 73.3 73.2 46.2 27.0 27.2 0.765 0.0202 0.614 0.894 0.827 0.581
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 74.4 74.4 46.2 28.2 28.4 0.739 0.0148 0.599 0.890 0.887 0.574
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 74.5 74.4 46.2 28.2 28.4 0.765 0.0148 0.599 0.885 0.887 0.573
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 39.7
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 57.6 58.0 39.7 18.3 20.1 1.35 0.0608 0.304 0.835 0.703 0.461
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 62.6 62.9 39.7 23.2 25.3 1.78 0.0235 0.229 0.769 0.785 0.430
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 62.6 62.9 39.7 23.3 25.3 1.77 0.0234 0.229 0.771 0.785 0.431
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 46.6
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 63.0 62.9 46.6 16.3 17.1 0.264 0.359 0.726 0.983 0.839 0.727
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 62.9 62.7 46.6 16.2 16.8 0.0668 0.385 0.759 0.996 0.798 0.737
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 62.9 62.7 46.6 16.1 16.7 0.0612 0.386 0.758 0.996 0.796 0.737
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 32.8
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 42.2 42.2 32.8 9.41 10.5 0.842 0.339 0.591 0.866 0.889 0.673
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 45.3 45.3 32.8 12.5 13.7 1.09 0.246 0.536 0.826 0.947 0.633
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 45.3 45.3 32.8 12.5 13.7 1.08 0.246 0.536 0.826 0.947 0.633
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 49.2
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 80.9 80.7 49.2 31.5 31.7 0.394 0.0645 0.695 0.962 0.818 0.559
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 80.7 80.4 49.2 31.3 31.6 0.431 0.0727 0.655 0.952 0.888 0.572
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 80.8 80.4 49.2 31.3 31.6 0.418 0.0726 0.657 0.953 0.888 0.573
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 47.5
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 63.0 63.1 47.5 15.6 15.8 0.0635 0.252 0.804 0.996 0.862 0.727
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 60.2 60.3 47.5 12.8 13.1 0.394 0.326 0.786 0.975 0.896 0.748
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 60.2 60.3 47.5 12.8 13.1 0.394 0.326 0.786 0.975 0.897 0.748
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 52.9
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 79.6 79.5 52.9 26.6 26.9 0.960 0.00185 0.457 0.880 0.942 0.557
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 80.4 80.2 52.9 27.3 27.7 0.550 0.00152 0.365 0.926 0.984 0.547
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 80.4 80.1 52.9 27.2 27.7 0.550 0.00153 0.369 0.926 0.987 0.549
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 72.8
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 70.7 70.5 72.4 94.3 -1.82 15.9 1.65 0.0424 0.512 0.716 0.707 0.498
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 69.7 69.6 72.4 94.3 -2.80 18.4 1.70 0.0342 0.486 0.711 0.574 0.458
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 69.7 69.6 72.6 95.0 -2.94 18.4 1.70 0.0338 0.485 0.711 0.571 0.457
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 84.1
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 80.7 80.7 84.1 -3.41 17.7 3.02 0.00125 0.348 0.481 0.210 0.278
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 78.5 78.5 84.1 -5.64 19.9 2.81 0.00135 0.361 0.515 0.183 0.284
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 78.4 78.4 84.1 -5.64 19.9 2.80 0.00138 0.361 0.516 0.182 0.284
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 41.7
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 62.6 62.1 41.7 20.3 20.8 0.0605 0.136 0.635 0.996 0.602 0.601
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 67.0 66.5 41.7 24.8 25.1 0.0439 0.0796 0.663 0.997 0.693 0.619
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 66.9 66.5 41.7 24.8 25.1 0.0439 0.0795 0.663 0.997 0.693 0.619
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 46.9
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 69.8 69.9 46.9 22.9 23.2 0.961 0.0265 0.582 0.869 0.669 0.546
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 71.0 71.0 46.9 24.0 24.3 0.958 0.0194 0.570 0.854 0.798 0.562
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 71.0 71.0 46.9 24.1 24.3 0.996 0.0194 0.570 0.848 0.798 0.561
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 44.7
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 80.6 80.3 44.7 35.6 35.7 0.353 0.00634 0.683 0.949 0.795 0.623
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 81.8 81.6 44.7 37.0 37.0 0.278 0.00455 0.664 0.969 0.597 0.579
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 81.8 81.7 44.7 37.0 37.1 0.278 0.00454 0.663 0.969 0.594 0.578
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 39.2
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 57.8 58.1 39.2 18.9 19.9 2.05 0.0430 0.380 0.707 0.735 0.449
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 61.9 62.1 39.2 23.0 24.4 2.93 0.0192 0.277 0.541 0.814 0.385
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 61.8 62.1 39.2 23.0 24.4 2.91 0.0192 0.277 0.545 0.815 0.386
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 40.0
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 57.5 57.9 40.0 17.9 20.3 0.892 0.0722 0.256 0.917 0.680 0.436
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 63.1 63.5 40.0 23.4 25.9 1.04 0.0262 0.199 0.914 0.765 0.421
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 63.2 63.5 40.0 23.4 25.9 1.03 0.0261 0.199 0.915 0.765 0.421
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 46.6
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 63.0 62.9 46.6 16.3 17.1 0.264 0.359 0.726 0.983 0.839 0.727
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 62.9 62.7 46.6 16.2 16.8 0.0668 0.385 0.759 0.996 0.798 0.739
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 62.9 62.7 46.6 16.1 16.7 0.0612 0.386 0.758 0.996 0.796 0.739
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 31.0
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 39.4 39.5 31.0 8.52 9.99 1.27 0.327 0.492 0.782 0.895 0.598
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 43.9 44.0 31.0 13.0 14.6 1.65 0.190 0.419 0.715 0.853 0.519
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 43.9 44.0 31.0 13.0 14.6 1.65 0.190 0.419 0.716 0.852 0.519
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 35.8
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 46.8 46.7 35.8 10.9 11.4 0.137 0.356 0.730 0.986 0.902 0.741
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 47.6 47.6 35.8 11.8 12.4 0.160 0.325 0.702 0.983 0.957 0.734
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 47.7 47.6 35.8 11.8 12.4 0.160 0.325 0.702 0.983 0.956 0.734
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 51.7
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 82.4 82.4 51.7 30.7 30.9 0.511 0.0517 0.704 0.954 0.334 0.550
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 82.0 82.1 51.7 30.4 30.7 0.682 0.0533 0.656 0.944 0.521 0.566
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 82.1 82.2 51.7 30.5 30.8 0.597 0.0530 0.660 0.948 0.520 0.568
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 48.4
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 88.6 87.9 48.4 39.5 39.9 1.09 0.0158 0.571 0.882 0.338 0.476
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 87.8 86.9 48.4 38.4 38.9 1.41 0.0187 0.505 0.821 0.513 0.473
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 87.7 86.9 48.4 38.4 39.0 1.41 0.0187 0.507 0.821 0.513 0.473
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 45.9
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 80.3 80.3 45.9 34.4 34.7 0.00 0.0407 0.637 1.00 0.158 0.494
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 81.6 81.8 45.9 35.8 36.2 0.0422 0.0360 0.592 0.999 0.159 0.476
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 81.8 81.8 45.9 35.8 36.2 0.0422 0.0360 0.593 0.999 0.161 0.476
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 52.1
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 75.5 74.9 52.1 22.9 23.0 0.292 0.128 0.832 0.982 0.876 0.730
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 74.0 73.4 52.1 21.3 21.5 0.0484 0.156 0.818 0.997 0.997 0.757
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 74.0 73.4 52.1 21.3 21.5 0.0484 0.156 0.819 0.997 0.998 0.758
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 43.9
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 62.8 62.2 43.9 18.3 18.5 0.0836 0.199 0.818 0.994 0.843 0.735
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 60.1 59.6 43.9 15.6 15.9 0.00 0.258 0.796 1.00 0.960 0.762
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 60.3 59.6 43.9 15.6 15.9 0.00 0.257 0.795 1.00 0.961 0.762
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 48.4
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 63.0 63.3 48.4 14.9 15.1 0.0584 0.265 0.801 0.996 0.816 0.735
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 60.3 60.5 48.4 12.1 12.4 0.495 0.342 0.784 0.969 0.844 0.745
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 60.2 60.4 48.4 12.1 12.4 0.495 0.342 0.784 0.969 0.845 0.745
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 52.9
ERA5_CCAM_04k [-] 79.6 79.5 52.9 26.6 26.9 0.960 0.00185 0.457 0.880 0.942 0.547
ERA5_CCAM_12k [-] 80.4 80.2 52.9 27.3 27.7 0.550 0.00152 0.365 0.926 0.984 0.528
ERA5_CCAM_22k [-] 80.4 80.1 52.9 27.2 27.7 0.550 0.00153 0.369 0.926 0.987 0.531

Temporally integrated period mean

BENCHMARK MEAN
Data not available
Data not available
MODEL MEAN
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BIAS
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BIAS SCORE
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RMSE
Data not available
RMSE SCORE
Data not available
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BENCHMARK MAX MONTH
Data not available
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MODEL MAX MONTH
Data not available
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DIFFERENCE IN MAX MONTH
Data not available
SEASONAL CYCLE SCORE
Data not available

SPATIAL TAYLOR DIAGRAM
Data not available
MODEL COLORS
Data not available

Spatially integrated regional mean

MODEL COLORS
Data not available
REGIONAL MEAN
Data not available
ANNUAL CYCLE
Data not available
MONTHLY ANOMALY
Data not available
ANNUAL CYCLE
Data not available

All Models

Benchmark
Data not available
Data not available
ERA5_CCAM_04k
Data not available
Data not available
ERA5_CCAM_12k
Data not available
Data not available
ERA5_CCAM_22k
Data not available
Data not available

Data Information

  Title:
CRU time series (TS) high-resolution gridded datasets

  Version:
4.03

  Institutions:
Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, UK

  Source:
monthly observations at meteorological stations across the world land areas

  History:
2019-09-10: downloaded source from https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/hrg/cru_ts_4.03/
2019-11-15: estimate saturated vapor pressure using temperature
2019-11-15: calculate relative humidity using saturated vapor pressure and vapor pressure
2019-11-15: converted to ILAMB required netCDF with https://github.com/mmu2019/Datasets/blob/master/read-rhums-cru.py

  References:
Harris, I., P.D. Jones, T.J. Osborn and D.H. Lister (2014), Updated high-resolution grids of monthly climatic observations - the CRU TS3.10 Dataset, International Journal of Climatology, 34(3), 623-642, doi:10.1002/joc.3711

WMO CIMO Guide (2008), ANNEX 4.B. FORMULAE FOR THE COMPUTATION OF MEASURES OF HUMIDITY, MEASUREMENT OF HUMIDITY, Chapter 4, 163, https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=3151

  Comments:
time_period: 1980-01 through 2018-12
original_temporal_resolution: monthly
original_spatial_resolution: 0.5 degree
original_units: hPa
final_temporal_resolution: monthly
final_spatial_resolution: 0.5 degree
final_units: %

  Convention:
CF-1.7